In the field of civil engineering, they are used to monitor bridges, tunnels, dams, and buildings, providing real-time data on strain, temperature, and vibration. Fiber Bragg grating sensors can measure strain and temperature changes well. These variations are created using a process involving ultraviolet laser irradiation. When light travels down the fiber, the FBG acts like a mirror for a specific wavelength, known as. Fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors have emerged as advanced tools for monitoring a wide range of physical parameters in various fields, including structural health, aerospace, biochemical, and environmental applications. This review provides a comprehensive overview of FBG sensor technology. It also covers quasi-distributed and fully distributed sensing techniques, which use Rayleigh, Raman, or Brillouin scattering in an optical fiber to measure temperature profiles over long distances.
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