This review synthesizes a decade of research spanning AI-based forecasting and optimization, IoT-enabled monitoring, blockchain architectures, digital twins, inter-operability standards, cybersecurity frameworks, and emerging models in the energy market. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Memphis, Memphis, TN, United States 2. Dominion Energy, Henrico, VA, United States Internet-of-things (IoT)-enabled smart grids modernize electricity infrastructure by integrating. The rapid digitalization of power systems has transformed smart grids into complex cyber-physical energy networks driven by intelligence, interoperability, and innovation. The journal focuses on the transformation of conventional power systems into intelligent, digitalized, and resilient infrastructures. The relationship between digitalisation and energy transition took prominence during the IRENA Innovation Week 2025, where discussions centred on the principle that there is no digitalisation without energy and no energy transition without digitalisation.
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